Vocabulary Building – D

Certainly! Here is an explanation of the words, along with their respective levels of difficulty according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR):

1. Dairy (n., adj.) – B2

   – Dairy as a noun refers to a place where milk and milk products are processed and sold, such as a dairy farm or a dairy store.

   – As an adjective, “dairy” describes something related to milk or milk products, like dairy products.

2. Dam (n.) – C1

   – A dam is a barrier built across a river or stream to control the flow of water, often used for irrigation, flood control, or generating electricity.

3. Damaging (adj.) – C1

   – Damaging means causing harm, injury, or destruction. It describes something that has a detrimental effect.

4. Dare (v.) – B2

   – To “dare” means to have the courage or audacity to do something. It often implies taking a risk or challenging someone.

5. Darkness (n.) – B2

   – Darkness is the absence of light, resulting in a lack of illumination or visibility.

6. Database (n.) – B2

   – A database is a structured collection of data that is stored and organized for easy retrieval and manipulation, often used in computer systems.

7. Dawn (n.) – C1

   – Dawn is the early part of the morning when the sky begins to get light, marking the beginning of the day.

8. Deadline (n.) – B2

   – A deadline is a specific time or date by which a task or project must be completed or submitted.

9. Deadly (adj.) – B2

   – Deadly describes something capable of causing death or extreme harm. It can also be used figuratively to mean extremely effective or powerful.

10. Dealer (n.) – B2

    – A dealer is a person or business that sells goods, often referring to someone who sells a specific category of products, such as a car dealer.

11. Debris (n.) – C1

    – Debris refers to scattered fragments, wreckage, or remains of something that has been destroyed or broken.

12. Debut (n.) – C1

    – A debut is the first public appearance or performance of a person or thing, often in the context of entertainment or sports.

13. Decision-making (n.) – C1

    – Decision-making is the process of selecting a choice or course of action from among multiple alternatives.

14. Decisive (adj.) – C1

    – Decisive describes the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively, or something that has a significant impact on a decision.

15. Deck (n.) – B2

    – A deck can refer to a wooden platform or surface, often found outdoors and used for various purposes, including as a part of a ship.

16. Declaration (n.) – C1

    – A declaration is a formal statement or announcement, often expressing a stance, intention, or fact.

17. Dedicated (adj.) – C1

    – Dedicated describes a high level of commitment or devotion to a particular task, purpose, or cause.

18. Dedication (n.) – C1

    – Dedication refers to the act of being devoted and committed to a specific goal or purpose.

19. Deed (n.) – C1

    – A deed is a legal document that represents ownership or a transfer of property, as well as an action or act.

20. Deem (v.) – C1

    – To “deem” means to consider or judge something in a particular way, often based on one’s opinion or assessment.

21. Default (n.) – C1

    – Default can refer to a failure to fulfill an obligation, especially a financial one, or to the original settings or state of something.

22. Defect (n.) – C1

    – A defect is a flaw or imperfection in something, often referring to a product or system.

23. Defender (n.) – B2

    – A defender is a person or entity that protects or supports something or someone, often in a legal or physical sense.

24. Defensive (adj.) – C1

    – Defensive describes a state of protecting oneself or being prepared to resist an attack or criticism.

25. Deficiency (n.) – C1

    – A deficiency is a lack or shortage of something, often referring to a nutritional, quality, or quantity deficiency.

26. Deficit (n.) – C1

    – A deficit is an amount by which something is lacking or falls short, such as a financial deficit.

27. Defy (v.) – C1

    – To “defy” means to openly resist or challenge a rule, authority, or expectation.

28. Delegate (n.) – C1

    – A delegate is a person appointed or elected to represent others or a group in a formal setting.

29. Delegation (n.) – C1

    – Delegation refers to the act of entrusting authority or tasks to another person or group.

30. Delete (v.) – B2

    – To “delete” means to remove or erase something, often in a digital context, such as deleting a file on a computer.

31. Delicate (adj.) – C1

    – Delicate describes something fragile, sensitive, or easily damaged. It can also refer to fine or intricate details.

32. Delighted (adj.) – B2

    – Delighted describes a feeling of great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness.

33. Democracy (n.) – B2

    – Democracy is a system of government where citizens have the power to elect their leaders and participate in decision-making.

34. Democratic (adj.) – B2

    – Democratic describes something related to or characteristic of a democracy.

35. Demon (n.) – C1

    – A demon is a supernatural, often evil, being or entity in various mythologies and religious beliefs.

36. Demonstration (n.) – B2

    – A demonstration is a public display or protest to express opinions, ideas, or grievances.

37. Denial (n.) – C1

    – Denial is the act of refusing to accept or acknowledge the truth or reality of something.

38. Denounce (v.) – C1

    – To “denounce” means to publicly condemn or criticize something strongly.

39. Dense (adj.) – C1

    – Dense describes something that is closely packed or has a high concentration, often referring to objects or substances.

40. Density (n.) – C1

    – Density is a measure of how closely packed the particles or components are within a given volume.

41. Depart (v.) – B2

    – To “depart” means to leave or go away from a place or situation.

42. Dependence (n.) – C1

    – Dependence is the state of relying on or being reliant on something or someone.

43. Dependent (adj.) – B2

    – Dependent describes something or someone that relies on another for support or sustenance.

44. Depict (v.) – C1

    – To “depict” means to represent or portray something, often in a visual or descriptive manner.

45. Deploy (v.) – C1

    – To “

deploy” means to strategically position or use resources, such as troops or equipment, often for a specific purpose or mission.

46. Deployment (n.) – C1

    – Deployment is the act of positioning or utilizing resources in a strategic manner, often for a specific task or operation.

47. Deposit (n., v.) – B2

    – As a noun, a deposit is a sum of money placed into a bank account or a valuable substance or layer left behind.

    – As a verb, “to deposit” means to place or leave something in a specific location.

48. Depression (n.) – B2

    – Depression can refer to a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness or a low economic state.

49. Deprive (v.) – C1

    – To “deprive” means to take away or deny someone of something, often a basic need or right.

50. Deputy (n.) – C1

    – A deputy is a person appointed to act on behalf of or assist another person in a position of authority or responsibility.

51. Derive (v.) – B2

    – To “derive” means to obtain or trace the origin of something, often through a logical process or analysis.

52. Descend (v.) – C1

    – To “descend” means to move or go downward, often from a higher position or elevation.

53. Descent (n.) – C1

    – Descent is the act of moving downward, often referring to a lineage or ancestry.

54. Designate (v.) – C1

    – To “designate” means to officially assign or name something for a specific purpose or role.

55. Desirable (adj.) – C1

    – Desirable describes something that is wanted, attractive, or pleasing.

56. Desktop (n.) – C1

    – A desktop can refer to the top surface of a desk or a graphical user interface on a computer screen.

57. Desperately (adv.) – B2

    – Desperately is an adverb that describes an intense or urgent desire or need for something.

58. Destruction (n.) – B2

    – Destruction is the act of causing severe damage or complete ruin to something.

59. Destructive (adj.) – C1

    – Destructive describes something that has the ability or intention to cause significant harm or damage.

60. Detain (v.) – C1

    – To “detain” means to keep someone in custody or under restraint, often by legal authority.

Part -2

1. **Detection** (n. C1): The process of discovering or identifying something, often something that is hidden, concealed, or not easily noticeable. It involves recognizing or finding out the presence of something.

2. **Detention** (n. C1): The act of keeping someone in a confined space or under restraint, often as a form of punishment or to prevent them from leaving.

3. **Deteriorate** (v. C1): To gradually become worse in quality, condition, or value. It implies a decline or worsening of something over time.

4. **Determination** (n. B2): The quality of having a strong will or resolve to achieve a goal or overcome challenges. It involves being committed and persistent in pursuing one’s objectives.

5. **Devastate** (v. C1): To cause severe damage or destruction to something, often emotionally or physically. It can refer to a state of extreme devastation or ruin.

6. **Devil** (n. C1): A supernatural being often associated with evil or malevolent actions in various religious and mythological traditions. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a wicked or mischievous person.

7. **Devise** (v. C1): To create, invent, or plan something, typically a strategy, method, or solution, often through creative thinking or ingenuity.

8. **Devote** (v. B2): To give one’s time, energy, or resources to a particular activity, cause, or person, often with great dedication and commitment.

9. **Diagnose** (v. C1): To identify or determine the nature or cause of a problem or illness, often through examination, analysis, or testing.

10. **Diagnosis** (n. C1): The act or process of identifying a medical condition, problem, or disease by examining the symptoms and conducting tests.

11. **Dictate** (v. C1): To give orders, commands, or instructions with authority and control. It can also refer to the act of speaking or reading aloud for someone else to write down.

12. **Dictator** (n. C1): A ruler or leader who holds absolute power and authority, often without the consent of the governed. Dictators typically exercise significant control over a country or organization.

13. **Differ** (v. B2): To be unlike or distinct from something or someone else. It implies a contrast or variation.

14. **Differentiate** (v. C1): To distinguish or recognize the differences between two or more things. It involves identifying unique characteristics or features that set them apart.

15. **Dignity** (n. C1): The quality of being worthy of respect, honor, and esteem. Dignity is often associated with a sense of self-worth and self-respect.

16. **Dilemma** (n. C1): A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, each of which has both advantages and disadvantages.

17. **Dime** (n. B2): A United States coin worth ten cents. It is often used in everyday transactions.

18. **Dimension** (n. C1): A measure of the size, extent, or capacity of something in a particular direction, such as length, width, height, or depth. It can also refer to an aspect or element of a situation or concept.

19. **Diminish** (v. C1): To make something smaller, weaker, or less significant. It implies a reduction in size, intensity, or importance.

20. **Dip** (v. C1): To briefly lower or submerge something into a liquid or substance and then raise it again. It can also refer to a decrease or decline in a value or level.

21. **Diplomat** (n. C1): A person who represents their country’s government in foreign relations, often working to maintain peaceful and productive relationships with other nations.

22. **Diplomatic** (adj. C1): Relating to diplomacy or the practice of conducting international relations. It often involves tact, skill, and sensitivity in dealing with foreign affairs.

23. **Directory** (n. C1): A book or list that provides information about individuals, organizations, businesses, or locations, often arranged in a systematic order for easy reference.

24. **Disability** (n. B2): A physical, mental, or cognitive condition that limits a person’s ability to perform certain tasks, interact with others, or participate fully in society.

25. **Disabled** (adj. B2): Having a disability or being physically or mentally impaired in a way that restricts normal activities or functioning.

26. **Disagreement** (n. B2): A lack of consensus or harmony in opinion, belief, or decision between two or more parties. It implies a difference of views or ideas.

27. **Disappoint** (v. B2): To fail to meet someone’s expectations or hopes, causing them to feel let down or dissatisfied.

28. **Disappointment** (n. B2): The feeling of being let down or dissatisfied when one’s expectations or hopes are not met.

29. **Disastrous** (adj. C1): Extremely harmful, damaging, or catastrophic. It describes something that causes great harm or has a disastrous effect.

30. **Discard** (v. C1): To get rid of something or throw it away because it is no longer wanted or needed.

31. **Discharge** (v. C1): To release or let go of something, often a liquid, gas, or substance, or to allow a person to leave a place, such as a hospital or military service.

32. **Disclose** (v. C1): To reveal or make something known, often information or a secret, that was previously hidden or confidential.

33. **Disclosure** (n. C1): The act of revealing or making known information, facts, or secrets that were previously undisclosed or private.

34. **Discourage** (v. B2): To try to prevent or dissuade someone from doing something, often by expressing doubt, negativity, or disapproval.

35. **Discourse** (n. C1): A formal discussion or written or spoken communication, often involving the exchange of ideas or opinions on a particular subject.

36. **Discretion** (n. C1): The ability to make careful and wise decisions, often based on one’s judgment and sense of responsibility.

37. **Discrimination** (n. C1): Unfair or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on factors such as race, gender, age, or other characteristics. It involves making distinctions that result in unequal treatment.

38. **Dismissal** (n. C1): The act of removing someone from their position or job, often as a result of poor performance, misconduct, or other reasons.

39. **Disorder** (n. B2): A state of confusion, lack of order, or disturbance, often referring to a chaotic or disorganized condition.

40. **Displace** (v. C1): To move something or someone from its usual position or location. It can also refer to causing someone to leave their home or homeland due to conflict or other factors.

41.

 **Disposal** (n. C1): The act of getting rid of something or the process of discarding or managing waste. It can also refer to the act of selling or transferring ownership of an asset.

42. **Dispose** (v. C1): To get rid of something or deal with it, often by throwing it away or selling it.

43. **Dispute** (n., v. C1): A disagreement or argument between two or more parties, often involving conflicting interests or opinions. It can also refer to the act of challenging or questioning something.

44. **Disrupt** (v. C1): To interrupt or disturb a process, system, or situation, often causing it to become chaotic or less efficient.

45. **Disruption** (n. C1): The act of causing a disturbance or interruption in a process, system, or situation.

46. **Dissolve** (v. C1): To mix a solid substance with a liquid to create a solution, or to cause something to disappear or break down, often referring to relationships or organizations coming to an end.

47. **Distant** (adj. B2): Far away in space or time, often implying a significant physical or emotional separation.

48. **Distinct** (adj. B2): Clearly different or separate from something else, often implying a noticeable difference in characteristics or features.

49. **Distinction** (n. C1): A notable difference or feature that sets something or someone apart from others. It can also refer to an honor or recognition for excellence or achievement.

50. **Distinctive** (adj. C1): Having unique qualities or characteristics that make something easily recognizable or different from others.

51. **Distinguish** (v. B2): To recognize or identify the differences between two or more things or to set someone or something apart from others based on unique qualities or features.

part- 3

1. **Distort (v.)** – To alter or change the shape, form, or appearance of something in a way that makes it appear different from its original or true form. It often implies a deliberate or unintended manipulation of information or reality.

2. **Distract (v.)** – To divert someone’s attention or focus away from what they are doing or thinking about, typically causing them to become unfocused or less concentrated on their current task.

3. **Distress (n., v.)** –

   – *Noun*: A state of extreme sorrow, pain, or suffering; emotional or physical suffering.

   – *Verb*: To cause someone to feel extreme anxiety, sorrow, or suffering.

4. **Disturb (v.)** – To interrupt or interfere with a state of peace, quiet, or order; to upset or agitate.

5. **Disturbing (adj.)** – Causing discomfort, worry, or upset; something that is unsettling or troubling.

6. **Dive (v., n.)** –

   – *Verb*: To plunge headfirst into water or another substance.

   – *Noun*: A steep descent or plunge, often underwater.

7. **Diverse (adj.)** – Composed of a variety of different elements, types, or qualities; showing a wide range of variation.

8. **Diversity (n.)** – The state or condition of having a variety of different elements, types, or qualities within a group, community, or environment.

9. **Divert (v.)** – To redirect or change the course of something, such as attention, resources, or a conversation, towards a different direction or purpose.

10. **Divine (adj.)** – Related to or coming from a god or deity; often used to describe something of exceptional beauty, excellence, or insight.

11. **Divorce (n., v.)** –

    – *Noun*: The legal dissolution or ending of a marriage.

    – *Verb*: To legally end a marriage through a formal process.

12. **Doctrine (n.)** – A set of principles, beliefs, or teachings, often associated with a particular philosophy, religion, or organization.

13. **Documentation (n.)** – The process of creating, collecting, and organizing documents or written materials, often for the purpose of record-keeping or reference.

14. **Domain (n.)** –

    – A specific area or territory, often used in the context of the internet to refer to a website’s address or location.

    – A particular sphere of knowledge, activity, or expertise.

15. **Dominance (n.)** – The state or quality of being in control, having authority, or being the most influential or powerful in a particular situation.

16. **Dominant (adj.)** – Having control or influence over others; prevailing or most important in a particular context.

17. **Donation (n.)** – A gift or contribution, typically of money or goods, that is given to a person, organization, or cause, often for charitable purposes.

18. **Donor (n.)** – A person or entity that gives or donates something, such as blood, money, or organs, to another person or organization.

19. **Dose (n.)** – A specific quantity of a substance, such as medicine or a drug, that is taken or administered at one time.

20. **Dot (n.)** – A small, round mark or spot.

21. **Drain (v.)** – To remove liquid or other substances by allowing them to flow away, typically through a pipe or channel.

22. **Dramatically (adv.)** – In a manner that is sudden, striking, or significant; with a noticeable and often surprising impact.

23. **Drift (v.)** – To be carried along by currents, winds, or other forces without control; to move slowly or aimlessly.

24. **Driving (adj.)** – Relating to or involving the operation of a vehicle, such as a car.

25. **Drought (n.)** – A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water resources.

26. **Drown (v.)** – To die from suffocation in water or other liquid; to be overwhelmed by a large quantity of something.

27. **Dual (adj.)** – Relating to or consisting of two parts, elements, or aspects; double or twofold.

28. **Dub (v.)** – To give a nickname or a different name to someone or something.

29. **Dull (adj.)** – Lacking interest, excitement, or sharpness; not bright or vivid.

30. **Dumb (adj.)** – Lacking the ability to speak; unable to speak.

31. **Dump (v.)** – To dispose of something, often in a careless or hasty manner; to discard.

32. **Duo (n.)** – A pair or a group of two people or things.

33. **Duration (n.)** – The length of time that something lasts or continues.

34. **Dynamic (adj., n.)** –

    – *Adjective*: Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress; energetic.

    – *Noun*: A force or factor responsible for change or movement.

These explanations should help you understand the meanings of these words and their usage.

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